Released
Dataset
Citeas:
Matzka, Jürgen; Bronkalla, Oliver; Tornow, Katrin; Elger, Kirsten; Stolle, Claudia (2021): Geomagnetic Kp index. V. 1.0. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/Kp.0001Status
I N R E V I E W:Matzka, Jürgen; Bronkalla, Oliver; Tornow, Katrin; Elger, Kirsten; Stolle, Claudia (2021): Geomagnetic Kp index. V. 1.0. GFZ Data Services. https://doi.org/10.5880/Kp.0001
The Kp index DOI and versioning
This data publication includes the IAGA-endorsed Kp index of geomagnetic activity as well as the derived indices ap, Ap, Cp and C9 in their definitive and nowcast version and the International Quiet and Disturbed Days. This dataset is provided by GFZ and derived from indices or near real-time geomagnetic observatory data provided by 13 contributing observatories. The Kp index and the derived products are distributed by GFZ and they are redistributed by various data centers and databases. When using the Kp index or any of the derived products of this dataset, please cite this data publication as well as the accompanying publication Matzka et al. (2021), which serves as a contemporary reference for users and describes the dataset and the state of the Kp index 70 years after its introduction. 
Abstract
The Kp index was introduced by Bartels (1949). We follow here generally the notation of Bartels (1957). A comprehensive list of references on the Kp index is provided in Matzka et al. (2021), which also describes the near real-time distribution of the indices.
With the introduction of the DOI ‘https://doi.org/10.5880/Kp.0001’ for the dataset, the DOI landing page and the associated FTP server linked to this DOI become the dataset's primary archive (while the other established index distribution mechanisms at GFZ will be maintained in parallel). With the DOI, the dataset can grow with time, but a change of the data, once published, is not possible. If necessity arises in the future to correct already published values, then the corrected dataset will be published with a new DOI. Older DOIs and data sets will then still be available. For each DOI, an additional versioning mechanism will be available to document changes to the files such as format changes, which do not affect the integrity of the data. The DOI 10.5880/Kp.0001 identifies the current version.
Additional Information
The dataset is organised in yearly files, which, for the current year, are updated on a monthly basis. Typically, during the second week of a month, the data for the previous month is calculated and appended to the current year's file, both for the definitive and nowcast version. While the definitive Kp (and derived indices) are calculated from K values provided by the contributing observatories, the nowcast Kp (and derived indices) are calculated at GFZ from observatory data provided by the contributing observatories. The data are distributed in ASCII files. All files start with 10 header lines, each starting with a number sign (#, hash) and containing DOI as well as license information. Note that leading zeroes are not shown, they are represented by blanks. Missing data would be represented by -1. For more information, please refer to the associated data description and Matzka et al. (2021).
Authors
- Matzka, Jürgen
;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany - Bronkalla, Oliver;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
- Tornow, Katrin;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
- Elger, Kirsten;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
- Stolle, Claudia;GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Contact
- Matzka, Jürgen; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;
- Stolle, Claudia; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;
- Bronkalla, Oliver; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany;
Contributors
Baillie, Orsi; Blais, Charles; Calp, David; Clarke, Ellen; Claycomb, Abram; Haseloff, Jürgen; Lewis, Andrew; Linthe, Achim; Morris, Jake; Morschhauser, Achim; Petersen, Tanja; Reay, Sarah; Schwarz, Gerhard; Willer, Anna Naemi; Worthington, Bill; Geomagnetic Observatory Canberra (CNB) maintained by: Geoscience Australia (Australia); Geomagnetic Observatory Brorfelde (BFE) maintained by: Technical University of Denmark (Denmark); Geomagnetic Observatory Eskdalemuir (ESK) maintained by: British Geological Survey (UK); Geomagnetic Observatory Eyrewell (EYR) maintained by: GNS Science (New Zealand); Geomagnetic Observatory Fredericksburg (FRD) maintained by: U.S. Geological Survey (US); Geomagnetic Observatory Hartland (HAD) maintained by: British Geological Survey (UK); Geomagnetic Observatory Lerwick (LER) maintained by: British Geological Survey (UK); Geomagnetic Observatory Meanook (MEA) maintained by: Natural Resources Canada (Canada); Geomagnetic Observatory Niemegk (NGK) maintained by: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany); Geomagnetic Observatory Ottawa (OTT) maintained by: Natural Resources Canada (Canada); Geomagnetic Observatory Sitka (SIT) maintained by: U.S. Geological Survey (US); Geomagnetic Observatory Uppsala (UPS) maintained by: Geological Survey of Sweden (Sweden); Geomagnetic Observatory Wingst (WNG) maintained by: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany)
Keywords
Kp, Kp index, ap index, Ap index, Cp index, C9 index, International Quiet and Disturbed Days, definitive index, nowcast index, geomagnetism, space weather, space physics
GCMD Science Keywords
- EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMAGNETISM > GEOMAGNETIC INDICES > KP INDEX
- EARTH SCIENCE > SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS > IONOSPHERE/MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS > GEOMAGNETIC INDICES
- EARTH SCIENCE > SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS > IONOSPHERE/MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS > MAGNETIC FIELDS/MAGNETIC CURRENTS
More Metadata
- datacite: / downloadxml
- iso19115: / downloadxml
";} }else{ msg= '
'; msg+= '
' + e.feature.attributes.description + '
'; msg+= "Latitude: " + e.feature.attributes.south +"°"; msg+= " to " + e.feature.attributes.north + "°"; msg+= "
"; msg+= "Longitude: " + e.feature.attributes.west + "°"; msg+= " to " + e.feature.attributes.east + "°"; if(!starttemp){ msg+= "
";}}if(starttemp){if(endtemp){msg+= "
"; msg+= "Temporal coverage: "; msg+= "
";msg+= starttemp + " (start)"; msg+= "
"; msg+= endtemp + " (end)"; msg+= "
"; }else{msg+= "
"; msg+= "Temporal coverage: "; msg+= "
";msg+= starttemp + "(start)"; msg+= "
"; } } popupshide(map);var popuppoint = e.feature.geometry.getVertices();//e.feature.geometry.getBounds().getCenterLonLat() var popup = new OpenLayers.Popup.FramedCloud("popup",popuppoint[0].getBounds().getCenterLonLat() , null, msg, null, true ); popup.autoSize =true; e.feature.popup = popup; map.addPopup(popup); $("#popup" ).css( "opacity", 0.8); var sstyle={strokeColor: '#8B0000' , fillOpacity: 0.01,};var estyle = {};$('#'+e.feature.attributes.extentid).siblings().removeClass("featureselect");$('#'+e.feature.attributes.extentid).addClass("featureselect");overlay.features.forEach(function(feature){if (e.feature.attributes.extentid===feature.attributes.extentid){ feature.layer.drawFeature(feature);}else{ feature.renderIntent = "default"; feature.layer.drawFeature(feature);}});}}, layers:[ new OpenLayers.Layer.OSM("Openstreetmap", ["https://a.tile.openstreetmap.org/${z}/${x}/${y}.png", "https://b.tile.openstreetmap.org/${z}/${x}/${y}.png", "https://c.tile.openstreetmap.org/${z}/${x}/${y}.png"])/* , new OpenLayers.Layer.Google( "Google Physical", {type: google.maps.MapTypeId.TERRAIN} ), new OpenLayers.Layer.Google( "Google Streets", {numZoomLevels: 20} ), new OpenLayers.Layer.Google( "Google Hybrid", {type: google.maps.MapTypeId.HYBRID, numZoomLevels: 20} ), new OpenLayers.Layer.Google( "Google Satellite", {type: google.maps.MapTypeId.SATELLITE, numZoomLevels: 22} ) */ ]});var overlay=new OpenLayers.Layer.Vector("Sites",{ externalGraphic: '../img/marker.png', graphicWidth: 20, graphicHeight: 24, graphicYOffset: -24, eventListeners: {featuresadded: function(e){e.features.forEach (function(feature){ var start="";if (feature.attributes.start && feature.attributes.start.length > 0){start='
'+ '
';} var end="";if (feature.attributes.end && feature.attributes.end.length > 0){end='
'+ '
'+'';} var msg='
'+feature.attributes.description+'
'+''; //small boxes have an additional marker - do not draw twice in legend if ($('#'+feature.attributes.extentid).length == 0){ $('#mapdescription ul').append(msg); } $('#mapdescription ul li').css("margin-bottom","-1em"); }); if( $('#mapdescription ul li').length < 2){if(e.features.length < 4){$('#mapdescription ul').hide(); } } if( $('#mapdescription ul li').length > 5){ $('#mapdescription ul').hide(); } $('#mapdescription ul li h3').each(function(){if($(this).text() === "" || typeof($(this).text())=="undefined"){$('#mapdescription ul li').hide();}}) //Sorting in dekorp only//$('#mapdescription ul li').sort(Ascending_sort).appendTo('#mapdescription ul');$('#mapdescription ul li').hover(function() {$(this).siblings().removeClass("featureselect");var id = $(this).attr("id");$(this).addClass("featureselect");},function() {$(this).removeClass("featureselect");});// Listsection with extra popup$('#mapdescription ul li').click(function(e) { var liid = $(this).attr("id"); overlay.features.forEach(function(feature){ if (feature.attributes.extentid===liid){if (feature.popup){ map.removePopup(feature.popup);feature.popup.destroy();feature.popup = null; } var msg; var starttemp = feature.attributes.start; var endtemp =feature.attributes.end; var pop_description =feature.attributes.description; if (feature.attributes.north==feature.attributes.south && feature.attributes.west == feature.attributes.east){ msg = '
'; msg+= '
' + feature.attributes.description + '
'; msg+= "Latitude: " + feature.attributes.north + "°"; msg+= "
"; msg+= "Longitude: " + feature.attributes.west + "°"; if(!starttemp){ msg+= "
";} }else{ msg= '
'; msg+= '
' + feature.attributes.description + '
'; msg+= "Latitude: " + feature.attributes.south +"°"; msg+= " to " + feature.attributes.north + "°"; msg+= "
"; msg+= "Longitude: " + feature.attributes.west + "°"; msg+= " to " + feature.attributes.east + "°"; if(!starttemp){ msg+= "
";}}if(starttemp){if(endtemp){msg+= "
"; msg+= "Temporal coverage: "; msg+= "
";msg+= starttemp + " (start)"; msg+= "
"; msg+= endtemp + " (end)"; msg+= "
"; }else{msg+= "
"; msg+= "Temporal coverage: "; msg+= "
";msg+= starttemp + "(start)"; msg+= "
